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- $Unique_ID{BRK03615}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Cohen Syndrome}
- $Subject{Cohen Syndrome Pepper Syndrome Prader-Willi Syndrome Marfan Syndrome
- Sotos Syndrome Hypothyroidism Retinitis Pigmentosa}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 751:
- Cohen Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Cohen Syndrome) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Pepper Syndrome
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Prader-Willi Syndrome
- Marfan Syndrome
- Sotos Syndrome
- Hypothyroidism
- Retinitis Pigmentosa
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Cohen Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by multiple
- facial, mouth and eye abnormalities, muscle weakness, obesity and mental
- retardation.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Children with Cohen Syndrome usually have a low birthweight, delayed growth,
- and obesity of the trunk that occurs during mid-childhood. Other
- characteristics of this disorder may include muscle weakness, (an unusually
- small head (microcephaly), high nasal bridge, short philtrum (the vertical
- groove in the middle of the upper lip), an open mouth, prominent lips and
- upper central incisors, and large ears. The jaw may develop abnormally, and
- there may be a mild downslant of the eyelids. Diminished vision in bright
- light (hemeralopia), decreased clarity of vision, a narrowing of the visual
- field, and degeneration of the retina (retinitis pigmentosa) may also occur.
-
- Other characteristics of Cohen Syndrome may be narrow hands and feet with
- long fingers and toes, a single crease (Simian) on the palms of the hands,
- unusual increased extension (hyperextensible) of the joints, deformities of
- the knees, elbows, and spine, and mild scoliosis (curvature of the spine).
- Delayed puberty, undescended testicles in males (cryptorchidism) and mild to
- moderate mental retardation are also symptomatic of this rare disorder.
-
- Occasionally people with Cohen Syndrome may have abnormally small eyes,
- missing eye tissue, mild webbing of the fingers (syndactyly), seizures, a
- reduced number of white blood cells (leukopenia), tall stature, and mitral
- valve prolapse in the heart.
-
- Causes
-
- Cohen Syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Human traits,
- including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the interaction of
- two genes, one received from the father and one from the mother. In
- recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person inherits
- the same defective gene for the same trait from each parent. If a person
- receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be a
- carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of
- transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
- carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
- their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
- percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each
- parent, and will be genetically normal.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Cohen Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects males and females in
- equal numbers. It occurs more frequently in people of Eastern European
- Jewish descent.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Cohen
- Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Prader-Willi Syndrome is a complex, multi-system disorder present more
- often in males born following a long gestation period. Females can also be
- affected. The primary features of the disease include infantile muscle
- weakness, failure to thrive, hypogonadism, and developmental delay. Severe
- obesity, which can be life threatening, develops after the first year of
- life. Short stature and abnormal intellectual and behavioral functioning is
- characteristic of this disorder. (For more information on this disorder,
- choose "Prader-Willi" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Hypothyroidism may be a genetic or acquired condition that occurs alone
- or as a symptom of another illness. Major symptoms may include the
- development of an enlarged thyroid gland (goiter) in the neck, a dull facial
- expression, puffiness and swelling around the eyes, drooping eyelids and
- thinning hair which is coarse and dry. Intelligence may or may not be
- affected. Untreated childhood hypothyroidism is characterized by slowed
- growth, delay in the development of teeth, and mental retardation. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "Hypothyroidism" as your search term in
- the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Sotos Syndrome is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by excessive
- growth during the first 4 to 5 years of life. Other symptoms are an unusual
- aggressiveness or irritability, clumsiness and an awkward gait. People with
- this disorder have abnormal patterns on the ridges of the skin on fingers,
- palms, toes and soles. Bone age tends to be 2 to 4 years advanced, and
- patients have a disproportionately large and long head with a slightly
- protrusive forehead, large hands and feet. Mild mental retardation also
- occurs. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Sotos" as your
- search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Marfan Syndrome is an inherited disorder of the connective tissues that
- affects the bones and ligaments (skeletal system), muscles, lungs, the eyes,
- blood vessels and heart. People with this disorder are unusually tall and
- can move their joints beyond the normal range. (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "Marfan" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is one of a group of inherited eye diseases
- causing degeneration of the retina. When the retina degenerates, the vision
- decreases and may occasionally be lost. Retinitis Pigmentosa may be
- associated with other symptoms such as deafness, central nervous system
- disorders, metabolic disorders and even chromosomal abnormalities. Some
- people with Cohen's Syndrome may also have Retinitis Pigmentosa. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "Retinitis Pigmentosa" as your search
- term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Cohen Syndrome may include surgery to correct the facial
- deformities, visual problems, webbed fingers, and undescended testicles.
- Genetic counseling may be of benefit for patients and their families. Other
- treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through July
- 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Cohen's Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. Pp. 871.
-
- SMITH'S RECOGNIZABLE PATTERNS OF HUMAN MALFORMATION, 4th ed.: Kenneth L.
- Jones, M.D.; W.B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 174.
-
- COHEN URETERAL REIMPLANTATION: SONOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE. P. Mezzacappa, et
- al.; RADIOLOGY (December 1987, issue 165 (3)). Pp. 851-852.
-
- COHEN SYNDROME: A CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDER? K. Mehes, et al.; AM MED
- GENET (September 1988, issue 31 (1)). Pp. 131-133.
-
- INTRAFAMILIAL VARIATION IN COHEN SYNDROME. I. Young, et al.; J MED
- GENET, (August 1987, issue 24 (8)). Pp. 488-492.
-
- COHEN SYNDROME WITH BULL'S EYE MACULAR LESION. K. Resnick, et al.;
- OPHTHALMIC PAEDIATR GENET (March 1986, issue 7 (1)). Pp. 1-8.
-
- COHEN SYNDROME IN ISRAEL. J. Sack, et al.; ISR J MED SCI (November 1986,
- issue 22 (11)). Pp. 766-770.
-
-